Theory of sound: waveform (wavelength, amplitude, frequency); pitch; Hertz (Hz); decibel level (dB);
sound generator (loudspeaker)
Basics of sound recording: signals; signal to noise ratio; analogue distortion; digital distortion; mono and
stereo; sound recording media; digital audio file formats eg .mp3, .wav, .mid, .ogg, .wma, .aif
Analogue versus digital: comparison of analogue and digital sound; advantages and disadvantages of
production techniques; issues with digitisation of analogue material; quality issues
Applications: interactive media products, eg websites, DVD interfaces, interactive presentations, computer
games, mobile phone content
Use of sound: carrying dialogue; enhancing mood or tone; indicators, eg danger, impending action,
emotion; guiding users; alerts; entertainment, eg streaming music
Wednesday, 3 October 2012
Tuesday, 2 October 2012
2 Be able to devise sound assets for an interactive media product
Stimulus: eg client brief, own brief, from market research
Ideas: brainstorming; audio storyboard, eg soundscape; identify source, eg own recorded material,
fieldwork, studio, pre-recorded material, sound libraries
Legal and ethical considerations: legal, eg copyright; ethical, eg confidentiality, decency; representation, eg
race, gender, religion, sexuality
Asset specification: target audience; considerations, eg purpose, genre, sample rate, resolution, stereo or
mono, ambient sound, voiceover, required file naming conventions; sound list
The principles of sound and acoustics;
Sound and acoustics have many principles, such as all properties have some sort of acoustic material inside them, which is likely to absorb, reflect, or transmit the sound. Acoustic material is designed for the purpose of absorbing sound. The studying of sound can be divided into three sections: production, transmission and reception. All of these principles are needed to allow sound to occur. Acoustic principles are now used a lot in concert halls and auditoriums.
When using a studio to record the acoustics are clear, this is because the surroundings have a low frequency and are designed to block out any audio that is not coming from within the studio. Recording in a studio is the opposite to recording in a location such as a hall, when recording it is said that the studio would be ‘dead’ as no other sounds can come in contact with the recording system other than the sounds purposely made within the studio, whereas within a hall you would usually find an echoing effect making the sound perhaps sound more distant or as if the source is travelling.
Many different surface types have different reflective and absorptive properties, for example carpet is greatly absorbent when it comes to sound proofing. Alternatively a very reflective surface for sound proofing would be plastic.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=lsvwNH5ekCk Hyperlink to the orginal video. my version with my self created soundtrack is avalibale from Tom Anderson upon request.
Pschographics essentially segments a market, for marketing purposes, by classifying potential customers by their attitudes and values. It is an alternative to classification by social grade.
Ideas: brainstorming; audio storyboard, eg soundscape; identify source, eg own recorded material,
fieldwork, studio, pre-recorded material, sound libraries
Legal and ethical considerations: legal, eg copyright; ethical, eg confidentiality, decency; representation, eg
race, gender, religion, sexuality
Asset specification: target audience; considerations, eg purpose, genre, sample rate, resolution, stereo or
mono, ambient sound, voiceover, required file naming conventions; sound list
The principles of sound and acoustics;
Sound and acoustics have many principles, such as all properties have some sort of acoustic material inside them, which is likely to absorb, reflect, or transmit the sound. Acoustic material is designed for the purpose of absorbing sound. The studying of sound can be divided into three sections: production, transmission and reception. All of these principles are needed to allow sound to occur. Acoustic principles are now used a lot in concert halls and auditoriums.
When using a studio to record the acoustics are clear, this is because the surroundings have a low frequency and are designed to block out any audio that is not coming from within the studio. Recording in a studio is the opposite to recording in a location such as a hall, when recording it is said that the studio would be ‘dead’ as no other sounds can come in contact with the recording system other than the sounds purposely made within the studio, whereas within a hall you would usually find an echoing effect making the sound perhaps sound more distant or as if the source is travelling.
Many different surface types have different reflective and absorptive properties, for example carpet is greatly absorbent when it comes to sound proofing. Alternatively a very reflective surface for sound proofing would be plastic.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=lsvwNH5ekCk Hyperlink to the orginal video. my version with my self created soundtrack is avalibale from Tom Anderson upon request.
Pschographics essentially segments a market, for marketing purposes, by classifying potential customers by their attitudes and values. It is an alternative to classification by social grade.
There are a number of ways of doing this and some methods can be quite detailed but the classifications in a very simple (but very convincing) system, devised by ad agency Young and Rubicam illustrate how this works.:
- Succeeders: People who are successful and self confident. They tend not to buy aspirational products and follow they own ideas of what is a good product.
- Reformers: Creative, caring, altruistic, not brand conscious.
- Aspirers: People who want to "get on".
- Mainstreamers: The largest segment, conformists who buy "safe", big brand products.
A few examples from other systems show how else the classifications can work:
- Strivers: status oriented people who seek money, approval and social status. Obvious buyers of "aspirational" goods.
- Explorers: seek novelty and want to try new things. They are likely to be early adopters of completely new products.
- Constrained: they are the resigned and struggling poor.
- My advert will more than likely fall inot the firing line of Mainstreamers ( those who purchse Brand products) and Strivers ( seeking the reputatuion and approval of their peers that generically comes with the acqusition of branded products.)
geodemography
Typically geodemography classifies an overall population or group of people into a number of types using a combination of various personal attributes such as the average household income, occupation, age of head of household, number of cars owned, life-stage and number of dependent children.
The market retail value of the nike Huraache trainers is roughly £38.98 geodemography allows me to determine that with regards to property value informs me that the recipients of the products are likely to be renting a one bedroom property within a built up urban area, due to their custom fit properties and cushioned under sol they are likey to appal to those who frequent a sports or health facility. Financially speaking they are likely to fall within the working class salary of 25-27 thousand English pounds per calender year.
Advertising Codes
The Advertising Codes lay down rules for advertisers, agencies and media owners to follow.
Who writes the rules?
The ASA is not responsible for writing the rules. The Advertising Codes are written by the advertising industry through the Committee of Advertising Practice (CAP) and the Broadcast Committee of Advertising Practice (BCAP). The members of these committees comprise the main industry bodies representing advertisers, agencies and media owners (including individual broadcasters).
BCAP is responsible for writing and maintaining The UK Code of Broadcast Advertising.
CAP is responsible for the rulebook The UK Code of Non-broadcast Advertising, Sales Promotions and Direct Marketing. Non-broadcast means ads in media such as cinema, press, posters and online.
What do the rules say?
The Advertising Codes contain wide-ranging rules designed to ensure that advertising does not mislead, harm or offend. Ads must also be socially responsible and prepared in line with the principles of fair competition. These broad principles apply regardless of the product being advertised.
In addition, the Advertising Codes contain specific rules for certain products and marketing techniques. These include rules for alcoholic drinks, health and beauty claims, children, medicines, financial products, environmental claims, gambling, direct marketing and prize promotions. These rules add an extra layer of consumer protection on top of consumer protection law and aim to ensure that UK advertising is responsible.
The ASA administers the rules in the spirit as well as the letter, making it almost impossible for advertisers to find loopholes or ‘get off on a technicality’. This common sense approach takes into account the nature of the product being advertised, the media used, and the audience being targeted.
To ensure that my advert does not violate the broadcast terms set by CAP and the BCAP I have acknowledged that whilst my advert potetinally misleading though it may be poses no direct or indirect harm to the consumer society as a whole. I have also acknowledged the placement for other brand products such as Sony and Asus by incorporating the product placement logo into my advert.
Copyright
To ensure that my advert does not violate the broadcast terms set by CAP and the BCAP I have acknowledged that whilst my advert potetinally misleading though it may be poses no direct or indirect harm to the consumer society as a whole. I have also acknowledged the placement for other brand products such as Sony and Asus by incorporating the product placement logo into my advert.
Copyright
• Using the work of others
If you use samples of music by other authors in your work, ensure that you get permission to use the work before you attempt to publish or sell your work. Similarly, if you use loops or samples available via sample collections etc. ensure that these are licensed as free to use, or obtain permission first.
• What copyright exists in music?
There are principally 2 types of copyright to consider when we talk about music copyright.
The traditional ©, ‘C in a circle’ copyright, applies to the composition, musical score, lyrics, as well as any artwork or cover designs, as all of these are individually subject to copyright in their own rights.
You would however be justifiably annoyed if someone else simply copied your recording and started selling it themselves. This is where the copyright in the sound recording comes into play.
Monday, 1 October 2012
3 Be able to create sound assets for an interactive media product following industry pratice
Plan: asset management (file storage and retrieval, naming conventions); workflow (scheduling, efficient
time management); deadlines (production milestones, deliverables, quality assurance)
Recording sound: recording log; recording (fieldwork, studio); audio sampling (file size constraints, sample
rate, mono, stereo)
Audio levels and metering: meters, eg VU meter, peak program meter; standard operating level
Sound manipulation: importing; editing, eg cut, copy, paste, trim, channel mixer, cue points, markers;
effects, eg amplify, chorus, cross fade, delay, echo, fade in/out, invert, envelope, normalise, pan, reverb,
reverse, re-sample, silence; time and pitch, eg Doppler, stretch; filters, eg pass (band, high, low), notch,
noise reduction, pop/click, equalisation; loops; cue list; playlist; mix down
Industry practice: reflect on finished product (compared with original intentions, fitness for purpose,
technical qualities); production skills (ideas generation, workflow and time management, technical
competence, teamwork)
The Doppler effect (or Doppler shift), named after the Austrian physicist Christian Doppler, who proposed it in 1842 in Prague, is the change in frequency of a wave (or other periodic event) for an observer moving relative to its source. It is commonly heard when a vehicle sounding a siren or horn approaches, passes, and recedes from an observer. The received frequency is higher (compared to the emitted frequency) during the approach, it is identical at the instant of passing by, and it is lower during the recession.
A crossfader on a DJ mixer essentially functions like two faders connected side-by-side, but in opposite directions. It allows a DJ to fade one source out while fading another source in at the same time.
Delay is an audio effect which records an input signal to an audio storage medium, and then plays it back after a period of time. The delayed signal may either be played back multiple times, or played back into the recording again, to create the sound of a repeating, decaying echo.
Echo is Repetition of a sound by reflection of sound waves from a surface.
a fade is a gradual increase or decrease in the level of an audio signal The term can also be used for film cinematography or theatre lighting, in much the same way.
Reverberation is the persistence of sound in a particular space after the original sound is produced. A reverberation, or reverb, is created when a sound is produced in an enclosed space causing a large number of echoes to build up and then slowly decay as the sound is absorbed by the walls and air.
Resampling-This operation in digital signal processing involves converting a sampled signal from one sampling frequency to another without changing the period of the sample as would occur if the sampled audio was played at the new rate directly. For instance, the output waveform of a digital audio workstation that was processed at 96 kHz must be resampled to 44.1 kHz to be placed on a Compact Disc. See sample rate conversion.
Noise reduction is the process of removing noise from a signal.
All recording devices, both analogue or digital, have traits which make them susceptible to noise. Noise can be random or white noise with no coherence, or coherent noise introduced by the device's mechanism or processing algorithms.
a loop is a repeating section of sound material. Short sections of material can be repeated to create ostinato patterns. A loop can be created using a wide range of music technologies including digital samplers, synthesizers, sequencers, drum machines, tape machines, delay units, or they can be programmed using computer music software.
audio mixing is the process by which multiple recorded sounds are combined into one or more channels, most commonly 2-channel stereo. In the process, the source signals' level, frequency content, dynamics, and panoramic position are manipulated and effects such as reverb may be added. This practical, aesthetic, or otherwise creative treatment is done in order to produce a mix that is more appealing to listeners.
time management); deadlines (production milestones, deliverables, quality assurance)
Recording sound: recording log; recording (fieldwork, studio); audio sampling (file size constraints, sample
rate, mono, stereo)
Audio levels and metering: meters, eg VU meter, peak program meter; standard operating level
Sound manipulation: importing; editing, eg cut, copy, paste, trim, channel mixer, cue points, markers;
effects, eg amplify, chorus, cross fade, delay, echo, fade in/out, invert, envelope, normalise, pan, reverb,
reverse, re-sample, silence; time and pitch, eg Doppler, stretch; filters, eg pass (band, high, low), notch,
noise reduction, pop/click, equalisation; loops; cue list; playlist; mix down
Industry practice: reflect on finished product (compared with original intentions, fitness for purpose,
technical qualities); production skills (ideas generation, workflow and time management, technical
competence, teamwork)
The Doppler effect (or Doppler shift), named after the Austrian physicist Christian Doppler, who proposed it in 1842 in Prague, is the change in frequency of a wave (or other periodic event) for an observer moving relative to its source. It is commonly heard when a vehicle sounding a siren or horn approaches, passes, and recedes from an observer. The received frequency is higher (compared to the emitted frequency) during the approach, it is identical at the instant of passing by, and it is lower during the recession.
A crossfader on a DJ mixer essentially functions like two faders connected side-by-side, but in opposite directions. It allows a DJ to fade one source out while fading another source in at the same time.
Delay is an audio effect which records an input signal to an audio storage medium, and then plays it back after a period of time. The delayed signal may either be played back multiple times, or played back into the recording again, to create the sound of a repeating, decaying echo.
Echo is Repetition of a sound by reflection of sound waves from a surface.
a fade is a gradual increase or decrease in the level of an audio signal The term can also be used for film cinematography or theatre lighting, in much the same way.
Reverberation is the persistence of sound in a particular space after the original sound is produced. A reverberation, or reverb, is created when a sound is produced in an enclosed space causing a large number of echoes to build up and then slowly decay as the sound is absorbed by the walls and air.
Resampling-This operation in digital signal processing involves converting a sampled signal from one sampling frequency to another without changing the period of the sample as would occur if the sampled audio was played at the new rate directly. For instance, the output waveform of a digital audio workstation that was processed at 96 kHz must be resampled to 44.1 kHz to be placed on a Compact Disc. See sample rate conversion.
Noise reduction is the process of removing noise from a signal.
All recording devices, both analogue or digital, have traits which make them susceptible to noise. Noise can be random or white noise with no coherence, or coherent noise introduced by the device's mechanism or processing algorithms.
a loop is a repeating section of sound material. Short sections of material can be repeated to create ostinato patterns. A loop can be created using a wide range of music technologies including digital samplers, synthesizers, sequencers, drum machines, tape machines, delay units, or they can be programmed using computer music software.
audio mixing is the process by which multiple recorded sounds are combined into one or more channels, most commonly 2-channel stereo. In the process, the source signals' level, frequency content, dynamics, and panoramic position are manipulated and effects such as reverb may be added. This practical, aesthetic, or otherwise creative treatment is done in order to produce a mix that is more appealing to listeners.
Week one: the first week of production saw a final selection for my choice of advert which I intended to work with, my selection was the world of red bull commercial.
Week Two: due to the heavy number of cuts and shots within my advert I took the initiative and began working on my script for the partially sighted, however this proved more problematic than I had initially assumed simply because of the level of content on the screen at any one time leading to a compression of dialogue I was able to deliver to my receptive audience.
Week Three: using a combination of the programs Cubase and reason I began to set to work on my soundtrack this presented its own set of problems primarily due to the difficulty of running the programs simultaneously this I resolved this by rewiring reason via Cubase running the programs separately and then closing them before reopening them together again. Failing that I did have a few attempted restarts of the desktop computer itself.
Week four: over the course of the week’s lesson I started and completed the recording of all my sound effects, script for the partially sighted and additional dialogue for my advert before importing them into my Cubase Red Bull Commercial file.
Week five: over the course of the week’s lesson I started and completed the recording of all my sound effects, script for the partially sighted and additional dialogue for my advert before importing them into my Cubase Red Bull Commercial file.
Week Six: I completed my advert and exported all three tracks and converted them via audacity to mps 3 files before running them through the IUOM sound mixer. I encountered a problem with my tracks not running correctly through the Flv player this was later resolved with a simple name change of said audio files.
Week Seven: this week saw the completion of all the required materials for my unit 63 blog ready for internal moderation over the Christmas period including a target audience analysis taking into account geodemogarphy and psychographics as well as recording studio images etc.
Sunday, 30 September 2012
4 Be able to apply sound assets to an interactive media product following industry
Asset management: importing; organising (file storage and retrieval, naming conventions)
Edit audio: audio library material, eg sound libraries, stock music assets; studio produced audio, eg
voiceovers
Apply: synchronising sounds, eg actions, onscreen movement, scenes, lip-synching; dub; embed; link to
sound file
Industry practice: reflect on finished product (compared with original intentions, fitness for purpose,
technical qualities); production skills (ideas generation, workflow and time management, technical
competence, teamwork)
Edit audio: audio library material, eg sound libraries, stock music assets; studio produced audio, eg
voiceovers
Apply: synchronising sounds, eg actions, onscreen movement, scenes, lip-synching; dub; embed; link to
sound file
Industry practice: reflect on finished product (compared with original intentions, fitness for purpose,
technical qualities); production skills (ideas generation, workflow and time management, technical
competence, teamwork)
Evaluation:
I feel due to level of practice and time spent last year refining skills I have worked at a pace and level suited to my aptitude and skill I have made efficient use of my time and resources to produce this product as well as the accompanying written materials such as my script time code sheets and record of practical work via screen shots and images. With regrads to fitness for purpose i believe i have fulfilled the criteria of the brief highly accurately with regards to producing the final product making efficient and reasonably competent use of both Cubase and Reason. I believe if i were to attempt this particular project again i would spend more time in order to develop a greater level of competence with regards to the use of the software which at the time and continues to be a piece of ongoing personal development.
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